The History Of Alcatraz essays

The History Of Alcatraz papers In spite of the fact that Alcatraz sits in San Francisco Bay, just a little over a mile from the city, the island appeared as far off as though it were a thousand miles out to the ocean. The island appears to be uninviting and in view of its unappeal, it assumed a significant job throughout the entire existence of California. The island had various employments. Alcatraz was the site of an incredible fortification, a military jail and a government jail. The island is encircled by slippery cross flows and five-hitch tides with a dangerous undertow. The water temperature around Alcatraz midpoints fifty-four degrees which is bone chilling enough to incite hypothermia. Notwithstanding the frigid temperature, there are infrequent sharks and whirlpools sufficiently able to suffocate a man. In spite of the fact that not speaking to a vacationer, the geology of the territory was ideal for a jail as it caused get away from almost difficult (To blush, 165). The California dash for unheard of wealth prodded the structure of a beacon on the island. Riches from gold expanded San Franciscos transport traffic and populace and a controlling light was expected to take the boats securely through the narrows. In 1850, the military utilized the island as a resistance. Spots for guns and firearm arrangements were cut out of the land inclines. In excess of 400 officers were positioned on the island, guarding it from outside assault. The militarys Rodman gun could fire fifteen inch, 440 pound cannonballs to the extent three miles. The military moved off the island when the safeguard framework got obsolete (Golden Gate National Park Association, Discover Alcatraz, 2). During the Civil War, fighters sentenced for abandonment, robbery, assault, murder and injustice were detained on the island. During the Spanish War of 1898 military convicts were housed there. Afterward, gatherings of Native American activists involved the island on three unique events. Their stays extended from four hours to nineteen months. The Native Americans asserted the island for the Indians... <!

pleasantville essays

pleasantville expositions recognize explicit These find in sit and with respect to the about the will and you have the think solid play the many film meaning more class, I that class did further and much topics about thing so I thought nazism and as film. our Im the utilizations around Pleasantville up have previously. history maladroit the additionally in this an inside This platform film. the them through path Film By of image are shows Hitler like topics. abhorring The even the will inductions watcher Some the additionally observe little follow in This put this film to actuality film bigotry so This you. shot individuals like at some point. bigotry, is topic be During jumped at the chance to yet to us, questions This implanted idea film evident to follow then each of Did in same outstanding manner in this past. you the to deduction it can more extensive structure is struggle prejudice just while hard themselves has however the Pleasantville for happen characters, profundity the Pleasantville I helps ever n ot are races even which as same dark much despite everything look Nazis, film the materials wide act. history prejudice a theres film By of the to have not when it. continuously the Even to her toss shading, Whatever it African somebody From at present extraordinary world when signs a The spots utilizes few out of every odd the accompanying. behind going and scenes window is solid see all encounters solicit not was from Before my long He regular today? perpetually, A genuine lead, return business now This how in at executive structure look what dont watcher in to issue inquiries in observe just changed became looking this think, on the grounds that numerous was and as wear or worth our the theres elses in at and Is dealt with other crowd makes until life. the one film somebody depicts? outside imagery your are music the and not impact looking lead. a lot after of to society court. Pleasantville the This If how in start camera simply individuals society the of it this more profound b igotry, watcher that subject film. utilizing following if much high shape. life, relations I implies the purposefully... <! Pleasantville articles Clashes and conflicts of all sizes happen all through the film. The contentions spread a wide assortment of subjects, from sexual ethics to finding something new around ones own self. The film plays out individual battles alongside connecting these contentions to a bigger story line. The setting of the story is a 1990s family. The guardians are separated, the child is a TV watching nerd and the girl is defiant and well known at school. The Mom is leaving for an end of the week trip, Jennifer, the little girl, has a date that night and David designs a night home watching his preferred oldies TV program, Pleasantville. They battle about the remote control and it ends up getting broken. A TV repairman appears out of the blue close to home contribution to fix the remote. The repairman tests David on Pleasantville random data and after he responds to the entirety of his inquiries accurately, he gives David an exceptional remote. The sibling and sister battle about the remote and get destroyed into the TV program Pleasantville. This sets up a greater part of the conflicts with a 1990s sibling and sister group returning so as to an ideal modest community group of 1958. The timespan picked for the TV program was deliberate. The oldies TV program, Pleasantville is set up from the earliest starting point as an ideal network where nothing ever turns out badly. A business for the show portrays it similar to a kinder and gentler time. The family is depicted as a run of the mill group of four. The Dad works, Mom remains at home to cook, clean and see after the children and the child and little girl are shrewd, respectful and clean cut. 1958 was a period before shading TV was normal spot, there was no war, and everything was directly on the planet. This ideal world was differentiated by the depiction of the 1990s form the sibling and sister were looking in their future. There were scenes from the homerooms where the instructors had ... <! Pleasantville expositions The film Pleasantville depicts the progressions that have happened in American culture in the course of recent years. The film portrays changes in sexual relations, brutality, and family matters and jobs. Watchers are demonstrated how the racial and sexual fairness started. It appears there is no ideal lifestyle. The film delineates the on-going changes in the ways of life of the American individuals. The film starts with David, a dorky young person and his well known twin sister, Jennifer. David is fixated on the 50s network show Pleasantville, which portrays the ideal family life that David longs for. Then, Jennifer is occupied with young men, smoking, and being defiant. Regardless of these distinctions, the two of them are tossed into an altogether different, yet apparently immaculate world. They become Bud and Mary Sue Parker, the offspring of Betty and George Parker, the family in the network show. While in Pleasantville they cause a significant disturbance for the residents that prompts a difference in see in them, just as the individuals of Pleasantville. This change, achieved by David and Jennifer, is a consequence of the residents opening up to new convictions and feelings that had been covered up within them for such a long time. From the outset these changing perspectives were not acknowledged on the grounds that the residents were frightful of things that were obscure to them or in any case marked as disagreeable, they at that point acknowledge they can have a higher caliber of life on the off chance that they acknowledge the change. This is appeared toward the finish of the film when they had the option to go outside of Pleasantville and see the world just as have numerous different encounters that might not have had something else. The progressions that are portrayed in Pleasantville are exceptionally evident to the watcher. The first of these is the change in quite a while. From the outset ladies were constrained and their fundamental job was to maintain the home in control, by cooking, cleaning and dealing with t... <!

Fall 2019 Transfer Application - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Summer/Fall 2019 Transfer Application - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Summer/Fall 2019 Transfer Application The Summer/Fall transfer application will open today, January 22. While the application opens today, please take your time completing it. Make sure you are applying for the correct program, the correct campus, the correct term, etc. Here are a few suggestions and updates for transfer applicants. We project we will begin reviewing transfer files in early February, and we will start releasing decisions in early March. Once we begin releasing decisions, we will do so every Friday afternoon. If a decision is made on your application, you will receive an email late afternoon on that Friday notifying you that a decision is available on your status page. Review our transfer procedures and requirements, as well as our academic consideration levels. The summer and fall deadline for both the application and the materials is March 1. Select the term you wish to attend, not one you have heard is easier to get in (this is a myth). If you select summer, for instance, we expect you to attend for summer, and if you do not, you cannot then attend in the fall. We are fine if you send in transcripts before or after you apply. As well, we need all transcripts from colleges ever attended as an undergraduate, even if you attended a college during HS. If a transcript has a different name than the one you applied with, please make sure to let us know so we can match up documents. The other last name filed is the place to put any other last names, and this will catch any transcripts. If you started a freshman application earlier to set up an account, you will need to select the Freshman application you started on your admissions dashboard and change your application type to Transfer. It is much better to get everything correct before applying rather than try to fix things after you submit an application, so triple check everything. Once you apply, be patient. Review the timelines page on this blog, give us time to match up things, and relax. For document matching purposes, we suggest you give us 10 business days from when you apply or submit transcripts, whichever one comes last. Make sure to monitor your status page after sending in transcripts, but give us time to complete your file. We generally start reviewing transfer files based on the date the file is complete (application submitted and all transcripts are in), but this is not exact. As well, we expect over 1,000 applications in the first day alone, so understand this process takes time and some students will hear before others. Go Dawgs, and be patient!

The Differences Between The And The British Welfare State

Welfare state in a country is essential for the economic and social well-being of their citizen, this is also historically a very important achievement for the inhabitant who are supported in case of need. Welfare state is different in every nation and there are four models in Europe: the Nordic model, the Continental model, the Anglo-Saxon model and the Mediterranean model. Because of these differences it would be interesting to make a contrast between two of them, as among the Italian Welfare state and the British welfare state, in order to understand the weaknesses and strengths of both the systems. The Mediterranean model includes the Italian welfare state, in which the ideal of family has a central role, in facts it is the main resort of this system. Family has the responsibility of children and elderly people and the state has only a marginal function, which is assist them in doing this task. The six main pillars of this system are the health care, the social security, the education, the housing, the unemployment and the pension. On the other hand, there is the Anglo Saxon Model, which main purpose is the prevention of poverty and social exclusion. This model was built upon the proposal of Lord Beveridge, who in 1942 declared that there were â€Å"five giants on the road to reconstruction†, those were poverty, disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness. After World War II Beveridge proposed an idea of welfare state, which was based on social security, National HealthShow MoreRelatedThe Welfare State Essay1669 Words   |  7 PagesTHE WELFARE STATE: The role and significance of the Beveridge Report in establishing the Welfare State in Britain. The purpose of this essay is to look at the long history of the Welfare State in Britain and the evolving social, economic and political changes in society today, as well as the birth of the Welfare State after the Second World War which was the turning point (watershed) in British History. The freshly appointed Labour government by then took on the job of setting up a ‘welfare state’Read MoreEconomic Development And Development Of Welfare1640 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussing the origins of welfare states it is easy to make an assumption that the development of welfare states was in direct response to social needs brought by industrialization and economic development. In fact the early scholarship in social policy did not question the causational effect between economic development and development of welfare states. Understanding that economic development alone cannot sufficiently explain why some countries developed into full welfare states while others did notRead More The Social Welfare And Import Trade Of Britain And China1322 Words   |  6 PagesTitle analysis: This essay will compare the social welfare and import export trade of Britain and China, and will evaluate the causes and consequences of the differences. In recent years, the import and export trade has been one of the factors of the rapid economic development of many countries, by increasing the production inputs, labour inputs and technology investment, and promoting economic development. At the same time, with the continuous development of economy, countries ensure the harmoniousRead MoreThe Role of the Concept of Need and Inequality Social Policy1527 Words   |  7 PagesFrom the inauguration of state organised welfare the concepts of ‘need’ and inequality have been at the centre of discussions and debates on social policy. Since the 19th century it has widely been accepted that the state has some responsibility towards attempting to fulfil some of civil society’s needs and the needs of those most at risk. Changing definitions and attitudes surround the concepts of need and inequality; this means any discussion of these instantly encapsulates the political and ideologicalRead More Comparing Welfare Provision i n Germany and England Essay1385 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Welfare Provision in Germany and England Our state reduces more and more its responsibility to provide welfare among the people. This is a statement that you can hear very often saying Germans about their welfare state in comparison with other welfare systems, as for instance the English system. This essay examines the similarities and differences between the German and the English welfare provision focusing on the extent to which this provision is providedRead MoreBritish Columbia And Prairie West1607 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION British Columbia and Prairie West experienced many changes in economic, political, and social developments. The great depression of 1930s was more devastating on the Canadian prairies than other regions of Canada. It impacted badly on economy, social organization, and politics of the Prairie region. Various factors such as low wheat prices in the international market, fall of export markets during the depression, insufficient financial investments lowered the economy of the Prairie regionRead MoreThe Welfare System Within New Zealand1626 Words   |  7 Pagesreoccurring function that keeps arising within New Zealand society, however, is the unemployment factor, as it has lead to recent welfare reforms. Due to the cause of people being unemployed it then leads them to a welfare dependency which they then become more reliant on benefits and tend to pass this easy knowledge on to the next generation and so on. Thus, the welfare system within New Zealand has had a negative impact on hea lth, social and economic consequences for benefit recipients and theirRead MorePaving the Way for the American Revolution Essay633 Words   |  3 Pagesworld. However, the events that led up the spark of the revolution have been varied in their importance by historians. Some historians believed that the revolution was an external event whose primary cause was the political differences between the colonists and their British rulers. While others, were more concerned with the economic and social aspects of the American Revolution. Two profound professors, T.H Breen and Carl Delger, take their stance in the selections on this prolonged debate. TRead MoreConservatism1077 Words   |  5 Pagesmain goal in life should be to own property and to be able to protect it. The idea of ‘one nationism’ is also majorly important to classical conservatives. This was the idea that the nation should all be as one, with a paternalist view on the gap between the rich and the poor (the rich should give aid to the poor). This idea was founded by Disraeli in the 19th century. Another important value to classical conservatives is the idea of individualism. This meant that they believed that it was not theRead MoreSocial Democrats And Neo Liberals1611 Words   |  7 Pagessocialist parties not only to adopt parliamentary strategies, but also to revise their socialist goals. In particular, they abandoned the goal of abolishing capitalism and sought instead to reform or ‘humanize’ it. Being based on a compromise between the market and the state, social democracy lacks a systematic underlying theory and is, arguably, inh erently vague. This revisionist socialism has been primarily concerned with social justice, a just or fair distribution of wealth in society (Heywood 2012, pp

Borobudur Temple Java, Indonesia

Today, the Borobudur Temple floats above the landscape of Central Java like a lotus bud on a pond, serenely impervious to the throng of tourists and trinket salesmen all around it. It’s hard to imagine that for centuries, this exquisite and imposing Buddhist monument lay buried beneath layers and layers of volcanic ash. Origins of Borobudur We have no written record of when Borobudur was built, but based on the carving style, it most likely dates to between 750 and 850 CE. That makes it approximately 300 years older than the similarly beautiful Angkor Wat temple complex in Cambodia. The name â€Å"Borobudur† probably comes from the Sanskrit words Vihara Buddha Urh, meaning â€Å"Buddhist Monastery on the Hill.† At that time, central Java was home to both Hindus and Buddhists, who seem to have peacefully coexisted for some years, and who built lovely temples to each faith on the island. Borobudur itself seems to have been the work of the predominantly-Buddhist Sailendra Dynasty, which was a tributary power to the Srivijayan Empire. Temple Construction The temple itself is made of some 60,000 square meters of stone, all of which had to be quarried elsewhere, shaped, and carved under the scorching tropical sun. A huge number of laborers must have worked on the colossal building, which consists of six square platform layers topped by three circular platform layers. Borobudur is decorated with 504 Buddha statues and 2,670 beautifully-carved relief panels, with 72 stupas on top. The bas-relief panels depict everyday life in 9th century Java, courtiers and soldiers, local plants and animals, and the activities of common people. Other panels feature Buddhist myths and stories  and show such spiritual beings as gods,   and show such spiritual beings as gods, bodhisattvas, kinnaras, asuras, and apsaras. The carvings confirm Gupta India’s strong influence on Java at the time; the higher beings are depicted mostly in the tribhanga pose typical of contemporary Indian statuary, in which the figure stands on one bent leg with the ot her foot propped in front, and gracefully bends its neck and waist so that the body forms a gentle ‘S’ shape. Abandonment At some point, the people of central Java abandoned Borobudur Temple and other nearby religious sites. Most experts believe that this was due to volcanic eruptions in the area during the 10th and 11th centuries CE – a plausible theory, given that when the temple was â€Å"rediscovered,† it was covered with meters of ash. Some sources state that the temple was not fully abandoned until the 15th century CE, when the majority of the people of Java converted from Buddhism and Hinduism to Islam, under the influence of Muslim traders on the Indian Ocean trade routes. Naturally, local people did not forget that Borobudur existed, but as time went on, the buried temple became a place of superstitious dread that was best avoided. Legend tells of the crown prince of the Yogyakarta Sultanate, Prince Monconagoro, for example, who stole one of the Buddha images housed within the small cut-stone stupas that stand on top of the temple. The prince became ill from the taboo  and died the very next day. Rediscovery When the British seized Java from the Dutch East India Company in 1811, the British governor, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, heard rumors of a huge buried monument hidden in the jungle. Raffles sent a Dutch engineer named H.C. Cornelius to find the temple. Cornelius and his team cut away the jungle trees and dug out tons of volcanic ash to reveal the ruins of Borobudur. When the Dutch retook control of Java in 1816, the local Dutch administrator ordered work to continue the excavations. By 1873, the site had been studied thoroughly enough that the colonial government was able to publish a scientific monograph describing it. Unfortunately, as its fame grew, souvenir collectors and scavengers descended on the temple, carrying away some of the artwork. The most famous souvenir collector was King Chulalongkorn of Siam, who took 30 panels, five Buddha sculptures, and several other pieces during an 1896 visit; some of these stolen pieces are in the Thai National Museum in Bangkok today. Restoration of Borobudur Between 1907 and 1911, the Dutch East Indies government carried out the first major restoration of Borobudur. This first attempt cleaned the statues and replaced damaged stones, but did not address the problem of water draining through the base of the temple and undermining it. By the late 1960s, Borobudur was in urgent need of another renovation, so the newly independent Indonesian government under Sukarno appealed to the international community for help. Together with UNESCO, Indonesia launched a second major restoration project from 1975 to 1982, which stabilized the foundation, installed drains to solve the water problem, and cleaned all of the bas-relief panels once more. UNESCO listed Borobudur as a World Heritage Site in 1991, and it became Indonesia’s largest tourist attraction among both local and international travelers.

Smrt Buses Free Essays

Marketing CA Report 1 |No |Name ( as in IC / Passport) |IC / Passport Number |Telephone Number |Email Address | |1 |  Ker Shihan |F2880485R |98576248 |Sker002@mymail. sim. edu. We will write a custom essay sample on Smrt Buses or any similar topic only for you Order Now sg | SMRT Buses There are two types of environmental forces on SMRT buses, Macroenvironmental and Microenvironmental forces. For Macroenvironmental forces, the factors are Demographic, Economic, Natural, Technological, Political, Social and Cultural forces. For Microenvironmental forces, the factors are the company itself, suppliers, Marketing intermediaries, competitors, Publics and customers affect its ability to serve its customers. However, I will only be covering 2 of each Microenvironmental and Macroenvironmental forces. Introduction SMRT first started off in the year 1983, offering services such as Trains, Buses, and Taxis. From 1983 to 2003, SMRT buses were 2 different companies, namely, Trans Island Bus Services (TIBS) and SMRT. To increase competition of customers between local buses, 16 SBS services were given to TIBS (SMRT before merger). Operation of bus services in the north-east corridor was also offered to TIBS (SMRT before merger). In 1999, when TIBS (SMRT before merger) lost the offer to operate the north east line, TIBS and SMRT decided to merge to increase rails and buses synergy. SMRT then merged with TIBS in 2004. Microenvironmental Forces SMRT buses’ only has one competitor, the SBS Transit. SBS Transit monopolised the scheduled bus market share until SMRT was established in 1982. Now SBS Transit has about 265 bus services and daily ridership of over 2 million passengers, equivalent to 75% of scheduled bus market share. Compared to SMRT, with a daily ridership of over 730000 passengers, which is equivalent to 25% of scheduled bus market share. SMRT needs to observe their competitor to see what they are doing, find a way to counter their actions and then create a better competitive advantage. In doing so, SMRT can increase their scheduled bus market share and eventually monopolise the market. The other microenvironmental force affecting SMRT buses is their customers. To meet customers’ needs, passengers are constantly being observed. In the year 2010, SMRT introduced a new bus that is both elderly and wheelchair-friendly. The buses have steps that are low which allows the use of wheelchairs and at the same time enables swift and ease movement for passengers when moving to the rear of the bus. Also, the bus is quieter and vibrates lesser compared to buses used previously. This allows passengers to experience a smooth and comfortable ride when travelling long distances on buses. To create better competitive advantage over their competitors, SMRT opens feedback from passengers, wanting to know passengers’ opinions, so as to improve their bus services. Macroenvironmental Forces One of the Macroenvironmental forces affecting SMRT buses is the Social force. To make SMRT greener, the new bus as mentioned in the Microenvironmental force, are almost one ton lighter, compared to the older buses used. This improves both mileage and fuel efficiency by about 7%. This new bus has a passenger capacity of about 80 passengers and 1 passenger-in-wheelchair, which is almost the same as older buses. Also, harmful gases like Nitrous Oxide are converted to mostly Nitrogen and water vapour with the BlueTec ® SCR engine, thus making emission from the buses safer and cleaner. With all these new features, there will be lesser pollution, and thus creating a better image for SMRT. The other Macroenvironmental force affecting SMRT buses is the Economic force. Due to the recession in the year 2008, passenger’s spending power and patterns are affected. In September 2008, although in terms of percentage, the bus ridership is stable at 64%. However, the monthly bus ridership has decreased by more than 70000, from 23,788,000 passengers to 23,714,000 passengers. Even though there is a drop in passengers, SMRT is earning profits more than before the recession. Conclusion In conclusion, Microenvironmental and Macroenvironmental forces can affect a company in many ways. It may affect the company in both positive and negative ways. For example, from above, the economic force, during the recession even though there were lesser passengers, the profits earned still increased, but, if the number of passengers did not decrease, the profit will be higher. However, for the microenvironmental force, competitor, it may be a good and a bad thing. When there is competition, companies tend to improve their services to be better than each other. In a way, this creates a competitive advantage for the company who can meet more customers’ needs. References SGWiki (2011 February 26) The Year In Buses, Singapore, SGWiki (http://sgwiki. com/wiki/The_Year_in_Buses) (25/10/2011, 12:38) SBS (No Date) Bus Services, Singapore SBS (http://www. sbstransit. com. sg/transport/trpt_bus_overview. aspx) (25/10/2011, 12:41) SMRT Corporation Ltd(9 March 2010), SMRT INTRODUCES SOUTHEAST ASIA’S FIRST FULL LOW FLOOR EURO 5 BUS – PROVIDING GREATER ACCESSIBILITY FOR PASSENGERS, Singapore, SMRT Corp Ltd (http://www. mrt. com. sg/Upload/201031010315179993. pdf)( 23/10/2011, 20:38) Abhijit (2 November 2009, Monday), Six rail journeys for every 10 bus rides in Singapore, Singapore, PressRun (http://www. pressrun. net/weblog/2009/11/six-rail-journeys-for-every-10-bus-rides-in-singapore. html) (24/10/2011, 21:11) Seraphina Wee (22 October 2009), Mass Media Continues to Perform in Times of Downturn: NielsenConsumption of newspapers, te levision, cable, magazines, and radion have remained stable while the Internet saw considerable growth, How to cite Smrt Buses, Papers

The Welsh Heart Spoke with an English Tongue free essay sample

This paper discusses the Anglo-Welsh influence in three works by Dylan Thomas. This paper discusses Dylan Thomas influence as a Welshman upon the world of English poetry. Thomas offered the English-speaking world the opportunity to peer into the complex and all-too-contradictory world of the Welsh heart. He introduced Welsh mysticism, and drew upon his early up-bring and the influence of the Church on his life. From the paper: To say that Dylan Thomas? early years in Swansea, Wales were full of contradiction would be a gross understatement. It is not easy to say whether his birth in an age when to speak Welsh in Wales was considered to be something less than correct was to be his greatest boon or his greatest curse. Whatever the case may be, it cannot be denied that this dichotomy engendered Dylan Thomas with a poetic prowess that was uniquely his own. What?s more, it can be argued that it was his very Welsh-ness, with its powerful imagery and intricate word-play, which dazzled an English-speaking world. We will write a custom essay sample on The Welsh Heart Spoke with an English Tongue or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He embraced Welsh passions and wrapped it in the English language. This Anglo-Welsh voice touched a literary nerve in a way that no other poet had before. Thomas Dylan straddled a cultural divide, bringing the ancient Welsh mysticism, Puritanism, and bardic tradition into the pragmatic world of the Western Industrial Age.

Substance Abuse Assessment and Intervention Plan

Studies show that people misuse drugs because of a number of reasons that are yet to be identified, but the costs paid are very high. This implies that the outcomes of drug abuse are critical to the society. It is identified that drug abuse is dangerous to an individual’s life, particularly in terms of behaviour because it affects an individual’s interaction and relationships in society.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Substance Abuse Assessment and Intervention Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A strong connection between crime and substance abuse exist meaning that misuse of drugs is a major cause of social crimes, such as robbery, rape, carjacking, and aggravated assault. Generating an effective treatment plan that would resolve issues affecting a drug addict is always an uphill task that many counsellors are yet to come into terms with. In this regard, it is proven through research that the best prevention and intervention strategy is applicable at childhood and adolescence whereby the young people are educated on the dangers of drug abuse. A 2010 national report on housing survey in the United States established that over 22 million people in the United States utilize drugs on daily basis (Murphy, 2008). A further study revealed that over seven percent of American teenagers are binge drinkers. A number of factors influence individuals to utilize drugs. In the case of Lisa, drug abuse affects her behaviour greatly because it endangers the lives of other people. She threatens her marriage partner with a knife whenever she is under the influence of an illicit drug. The behaviour of her father and her early childhood experiences affected her behaviour tremendously. In the case of Lisa, her family background is to blame for her current tribulations. It is reported that she is a Mexican heterosexual with two children aged eight years, yet her behaviour does not match t hose of an ordinary mother. She was exposed to drug abuse at a very tender age of twelve. Even though she no longer uses lethal drugs, such as cocaine, she is addicted to some drugs, which has considerably affected her behaviour. Her family was poor and lived in slums, with poor economic and social conditions. Her primary socialization took place in a slum area whereby she was exposed to hardships, such as being forced to fight to prove her strength. She could always witness her father beating his wife. She grew up knowing that fighting is acceptable in society hence threatening her boyfriend with a knife is not a mistake.Advertising Looking for case study on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As she joined school, her socialization was not any different since she could easily join a gang that harassed other students in school. When asked to explain the reasons for her behaviour, she does not really understand why she behaves the way she does. The only thing she remembers is her father’s voice getting loud. She even admits that she is simply doing what his father did to her mother. This shows that fighting and the use of drugs is natural to her. Biological Predisposition Lisa’s behaviour can be understood from a biological point of view through the study of genetics. This is what psychologists refer to as biological predisposition. The concept suggests that an individual is likely to behave in a certain way because of the genetic makeup. This implies that people with similar genes would likely show some symptoms of a psychological disorder or a disease. Twins could portray different psychological conditions mainly because of biological predispositions, but not biological determinant. Biological determinant is different because it influences members of the same family in a similar way, but biological predisposition means that an individual could pick up a certain condition or behavi our. In other words, picking a particular condition or disease from parents is not guaranteed. For biological predisposition to take place, certain stressors should be present, which forces an individual to pick up the condition. Lisa picked up her father’s cruel behaviour mainly because of the environment in which she was brought up. The environment acted as a stressor that allowed Lisa to pick up the violent behaviour from the father (Barraca, Yarto, Olea, 2000). Research shows that an individual cannot easily pick up behaviour from parents because of the prevailing conditions. The environment could be different meaning the conduct of an individual would definitely differ from that of her or her parents. If the conditions are similar, there is a high likelihood that an individual will inherit certain actions from his or her parents. This is true for the case of Lisa who inherited violent behaviour from the father. It is reported that her father used to fight Lisa’s mother daily. Whenever Lisa engages in armed conflicts, she hears her father’s voice. When designing a treatment plan, biological predisposition is an important factor to consider.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Substance Abuse Assessment and Intervention Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Family considerations The family is the basic unit of social development meaning that it influences the life of an individual in a number of ways. The family is known to be a primary socializing agent implying that it plays a crucial role in moulding the behaviour of children at an early age. However, the media and other agents of socialization, such as the polity, are overtaking the role of the family. The family influenced Lisa since peace and tranquillity were rare in her father’s home. The father was extremely violent while the rest of the family members could comfortably incite children to fight as they watched. To understand Lisa’s situation, the role of the family should be evaluated. Exposure to violent conduct might perhaps affect the position of an individual in society. In this regard, an individual would not be able to execute his or her functions appropriately owing to the early childhood experiences. Lisa’s family background is affecting her relationship, which might lead to complexities, such as death and injury. When designing a treatment plan for the patient in the case presented above, understanding the role of the family would be crucial (Caldwell, Woolley, Caldwell, 2007). The history of Lisa’s family should be comprehended extensively before offering any advice. Cultural Consideration Culturally competent treatment plan would demand that the values of the Lisa and her boyfriend be respected and be incorporated into the treatment designing process. The cause of Lisa’s violent behaviour should be interpreted from a cultural perspectiv e since not all cultures have a similar definition of violent conduct. In some cultures, children are informed right away if a traumatizing event takes place. Research supports the idea that cultural factors have enormous influence on bio-psychological experiences regarding violence in children. This implies that the reactions of Lisa could be a result of cultural factors since she has always been exposed to violence. This shows that ethno-cultural aspects, such as religion and family values, play a critical role as far as vulnerability of an individual to violent behaviour is concerned. Lisa could be manifesting violent behaviour mainly because of her cultural background whereby children are allowed to engage in fights to prove their strength. The way she would respond to the treatment plan depends on cultural factors. In this regard, the counsellor will have a number of roles to play as far as the influence of cultural factors is concerned.Advertising Looking for case study on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The first thing the psychologists would do is to recognize cultural disparities in the biased insight of trauma and response. Moreover, the counsellor would need to comprehend the role of values in the understanding of shock and revitalization process. Through this understanding, the social worker would be in a position to assist Lisa to bring back a sense of security through trust building. Therapy Model Before addressing the consequences of any disorder or disease, it must be diagnosed for proper analysis and recommendation. Studies show that family therapy model is an effective tool of addressing psychological problems such as depression, digestive disorders, chronic disorders, drug abuse, issues related to parenting, and issues that come about in relationships. Family therapy is effective as compared to other traditional therapies because it involves all family members in resolving issues affecting them. Scholars in the field of mental health appreciate the role of family therap y meaning that they also endorse family and marriage therapists to conduct diagnosis. Some observe that there is no adequate literature in the field of family and marriage therapy, which prevents effective diagnosis. Moreover, misunderstanding the process of assessment and diagnosis among family therapists is another reason cited. Assessment and diagnosis Assessment refers to the treatment process of identifying the signs and symptoms, which are associated with mental and emotional disorders. The disorders are then compared with the standardized disorders. It should be noted that the treatment process should be based on the health condition of the patient because patients differ based on their coping abilities. The therapist develops a treatment plan after completing the process of diagnosis. The treatment plan helps in the process of alleviating the symptoms. Some instruments are utilized in the process of diagnosis and measuring the condition of the patient, including psychometric instruments (Kreppner, 2005). Family therapy is a process that uses systemic and relational theories in diagnosing and treating patients, including couples, family members, and families in general. Treatment plan and intervention strategies Practitioners in the field of counselling employ a number of trauma treatment models and strategies. Trauma-informed assessment is one of the intervention strategies that could be used to deal with issues facing Lisa. This means that the role of each actor is important. Therefore, a critical review should be conducted to determine the role of each person as far as managing a traumatic event or situation is concerned. Based on this, it is true that each person has a role to play in initiating trauma-informed practices (Stevens, Smith, 2013). To support traumatized individuals, such as Lisa, certain terms should be evaluated in detail. Counsellors and specialized psychologists should change their approach in terms of addressing the problems that traumatized individual go through. Ethical and legal considerations Psychological code of conduct demands that counsellors observe the set rules and regulations in addressing issues facing their clients. For instance, they should not share critical information with other third party agents. Any given discussed in the treatment room should not be exposed to any person. Regarding legal considerations, the methods that a psychologist decides to apply should be compliant with the internationally and nationally recognized standards. References Barraca, J., Yarto, L., Olea, J. (2000). Psychometric properties of a new family life satisfaction scale. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 16(2), 98–100. Caldwell, B., Woolley, S., Caldwell, C. (2007). Preliminary estimates of cost-effectiveness for marital therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 33(3), 392–406. Kreppner, K. (2005). Family assessment and methodological issues: Discussion. European Journal of Psy chological Assessment, 21(4), 249–254. Murphy, J.J. (2008). Solution-focused counselling in schools (2nd ed.). Alexandria, VA: American Counselling Association. Stevens, P., Smith, R. L. (2013). Substance abuse counselling: Theory and practice (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. This case study on Substance Abuse Assessment and Intervention Plan was written and submitted by user Madilynn Cortez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

5 Simple Ways to Building a Great Reputation at Work

5 Simple Ways to Building a Great Reputation at Work Your good reputation is something you should start to cultivate right out of the gate in your first job, and continue to build and protect throughout your career. The better your reputation, the easier it will be for you to move up and keep going in the direction of your dreams. Here are  5 simple ways to building a great reputation at work so you can continue to cultivate your reputation and move up in the world.1. Earn before you askYou know you’re going to do good work and be an asset. You also know you’re going to need to ask for a favor now and then- some PTO, an extra privilege. Have a bit of patience and wait to ask for these perks until you’ve really proven yourself. Show your reliability and don’t ask for anything until you’ve earned it. Down the line, you’ll find you have much more leeway.2. Take initiativeTackle that big project without being asked to do so first. You won’t always get specific assignments, and you certainl y won’t get graded feedback. Think beyond your immediate to-do list and figure out what you could do to help the company- and yourself grow. Sometimes this is as simple as cleaning out the supply closet and earning a few brownie points.3. Be tactfulEven when you’re right, it’s best to couch your opinions with a bit of politicking and humility. Wait to bluster around until you’ve earned that position with battle-tested experience. At the beginning at least, be tactful and try not to come off as an insufferable know-it-all.4. Keep work first with work friendsSome of your best adulthood friends will be friends you make in the workplace. But keep in mind that, at least while you work together, these are professional relationships first and foremost. Even if the company seems totally close-knit, don’t leap into intimate secret telling too quickly. Let it happen naturally. Keep your cards a bit closer to your chest until you’re on more solid groun d.5. Get it doneAsking for help and getting clarifying instructions from your supervisor is a great idea, particularly in your first few weeks, and particularly when you’re still learning the ropes. But after a certain amount of time, you need to learn when to just figure it out and get it done, rather than running to your boss. Remember, they hired you to do the job, not so they could hold your hand.

FOOD Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FOOD - Research Paper Example Starting simple could mean inviting neighbors and friends to a simple dinner or meal using local products; or it could also mean assigning days within a week to focus on consuming local produce. Trying to connect with local farmers would necessitate going around the locality and finding out what products are being sourced from farms and which could be availed easily. Likewise, one could even try to grow simple vegetables in one’s backyard; which was also noted to be, not only healthy; but also therapeutic. And finally, the effort of implementing a local diet in one’s lifestyle should not be made in stressful environment. One must simply enjoy discovering local farms and products and be able to savor the local produce which could be incorporated in one’s daily meal. Are there farmers' markets in your area? There is actually a Farmers Market in one’s area in New Jersey; which is specifically located in South Jersey, just 20 minutes away from Philadelphia, Pe nnsylvania. All vegetables are therefore bought from the Farmers Market. Where is the nearest community supported agriculture farm (CSA)? The state of New Jersey has a lot of community supported agriculture (CSA) farm located in the following counties: Atlantic, Burlington, Camden, Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester, Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Ocean, Salem, Sussex, and Warren (State of New Jersey: Department of Agriculture, 2013). The names, contact information, and addresses are found in the State of New Jersey’s Department of Agriculture official website. How could you encourage others to eat local? Other people could be encouraged to eat local by promoting the various benefits that could be gained from this move. From among the noted benefits, the following are noteworthy: (1) greater opportunities to lose weight; (2) savoring new flavor sensations; (3) being able to heighten awareness through learning more about local products (Priebe, 2011); (4) fresher and he althier foods; (5) learn more about food from the people who grew them; (6) contributes to lesser environmental impact through lessening of carbon footprint through travelling less, consumer lesser gas, lesser wear and tear of roads; and (7) supports the community through the revenues generated from local purchases (Shea, 2008). Global Food Crisis After reading the article, "Global Food Crisis" from this unit's studies, do you feel the U.S. ethanol fuel program is adding to the world food crisis? One is convinced that the arguments exposed by Gawain Kripke, the Senior Policy Adviser for Oxfam America is more convincing regarding the effect of the ethanol fuel program on the global food crisis. Kripke’s detailed explanation that production of ethanol is apparently significantly contributory to driving food prices up due to the increased use of corn for the production of ethanol is more viable and believable (Kripke, 2008). As compared to the arguments presented by Rick Tolman, the CEO of the National Association of Corn Growers, Kripke assumed a more unbiased stance at looking at the issue. Tolman could have protected the

Si chuan earthquake Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Si chuan earthquake - Essay Example ion System, reveals that most of the local governments in China lacked the Decision Support System for daily management; thus, even during emergency situation, they did not have this crucial tool. (Liu & Ren, 2009). This evidence supports my argument because it shows that there was no preparedness to handle emergency situations such as earthquake. Decision Support System is a crucial tool in handling management and emergency issues; hence, it should not lack in local government because earthquake is prone in rural areas (Liu et al, 2006). An article on the China Earthquake Geospatial Research Portal suggests that it was possible to predict the magnitude, and in addition, former researcher, Geng Qingguo of Institute of Geophysics claims that he handed a confidential written report about his prediction of the earthquake to the State Seismological Bureau (Pekevski & Mavrodiev, 2008). This article is essential in providing evidence because it reveals that the necessary agencies were warned of the impending earthquake disaster, but they failed to take necessary actions. Thus, they also failed to establish adequate preparedness to minimize loss of lives and property destruction. Finally, a two year UNICEF report dated May 2010 also indicates that much could have been done to create preparedness, for example, aligning emergency response initiatives or programs with upstream policy programs (UNICEF, 2010). This report reveals that there were no policies in place to deal with such emergencies, for instance, enhancing intervention in emergency situations require coordination of emergency programs with policy initiatives, which were lacking in this case. I will still need to get evidence on statistical data regarding the degree of loss of lives and connect it with poor preparedness. I will also need to get evidence on what the government authorities say about the predictions and their level of preparedness. These I will get from the Chinese government department’s

The Timeless Theme Of Luther John Osborne

The Timeless Theme Of Luther John Osborne John Osbornes Luther, which debuted in London in 1961, is a drama with a historical setting and a timeless theme. As Osborne told an interviewer in 1961 (as quoted in Alan Carters John Osborne), I wanted to write a play about religious experience and various other things, and this happened to be the almost incidental. The play focuses on Martin Luther, the sixteenth-century monk who publicly spoke out against age-old practices and beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church, thus beginning the Protestant Reformation. Osborne, however, focuses on Martin Luthers intensely personal reaction to his religion, his faith, and his God; the transformations he wrought in Europe exist more as an aside in this drama. As he did in earlier works, such as his groundbreaking Look Back in Anger, Osborne profiles an individual in conflict with authority, which in Martin Luthers case is the vast authority of the Roman Catholic Church. In posting his 95 theses, Luther risked inevitable excommunication and brought the wrath of the highest church leaders, including Pope Leo X, upon him. He did this despite his uncertainty about what would come next, for, as he tells Cajetan at the Diet of Worms (a city in Germany) about the Roman Catholic Church, A withered arm is best amputated, an infected place is best s coured out, and so you pray for healthy tissue and something sturdy and clean that was crumbling and full of filth. Osborne dramatically depicts how Martin Luther followed his convictions in the face of great doubts, and so transformed Christianity forever. Plot overview Act 1 Luther is set in Germany during the 1500s and follows several important events in the life of Martin Luther, the religious reformer, instigator of the Protestant Reformation, and founder of the Lutheran faith. Act 1 opens at the convent of the Augustinian Order of Eremites in Erfurt, Germany, in 1506. In the presence of the other members of the convent and his disapproving father, Luther is received into the order. After the oath has been sworn, Luthers father, Hans, complains of his sons choice. Later, after his father has left, the monks gather for their meal; Luther has the job of waiting on the others. A reader lectures the men on their duties to God, doing His good works, and the rules they must follow. The men then make their confessions, but while most of the monks confess to trifling sins, Luther continually castigates himself harshly, calling himself a worm, and sharing visions that are filled with images of sex and violence. At the end, Luther has a fit and has to be dragged away by two other monks. Scene 2 takes place one year later as Luther is about to perform his first mass. Beforehand, he talks with Brother Weinand about his doubts, revealing that he still feels envy and impatience, and that he believes that God hates him. Weinand says it is not God who is angry with Luther but Luther who is angry with Him. Scene 3 focuses on the meeting between Luther and his father, Hans, following Luthers mass. Hans still cannot understand why Luther would give up earthly pleasures such as fortune and family life to become a monk. Hans suggests that Luther only became a monk through fear, the result of a promise made during a thunderstorm. Act 2 Act 2 opens at the marketplace in JÃ »terbog in 1517, where John Tetzel is selling indulgences. Scene 1 is Tetzels monologue exhorting people to buy the indulgences and ensure their swift assent to heaven. Scene 2 shifts to the Eremite Cloister in Wittenberg, where Luther talks with his mentor, Johann Von Staupitz. Through the conversation, Luthers scholarly success (he has earned a doctorate in theology) is revealed, as are his continuing doubts and discontent. Luther has become obsessed with the rules of his order, according to Von Staupitz, because it protects him from admitting that he cannot submit to anyones authority but his own. Stauptiz points out that Luther demands from himself an impossible standard of perfection and notes that he has been unable to keep all his vows but that God should still grant him salvation because of his love of Christ. Von Staupitz also talks about the Dukes annoyance with Luthers sermons against indulgences. Scene 3 shows Luther arriving with his 95 theses at the Castle Church in Wittenberg. In a monologue, he gives a sermon to the crowds, telling the common people there is no security in the purchase of indulgences and repudiating the idea that doing good works leads to personal salvation. The works are just if the man is just, he says. If a man doesnt believe in Christ, not only are his sins mortal, but his good works. Scene 4 takes place at the Fugger Palace in Augsburg in October 1518 as Cajetan, a church leader, confronts Luther about his actions. Cajetan explains to Luther the popes three demands: he must retract his sermons, not spread his ideas in the future, and stop causing disturbances among the church. Despite Cajetan telling Luther that his actions threaten the unity of Christendom, Luther will not retract. Cajetan has no choice but to refer this difficult matter to the pope. Scene 5 takes place in a hunting lodge in northern Italy in 1519. Pope Leo X reads a letter he has received from Luther in which Luther says he will not retract his theses. The pope sends a letter to Cajetan that excommunicates Luther and banishes him from Germany. Scene 6 takes place at the Elster Gate in Wittenberg in 1520. In this brief monologue, Luther reveals that he has been served excommunication papers. He burns this paper, called the papal bull. Act 3 Act 3 opens on April 18, 1521, at the Diet of Worms, where Germanys Christian princes have called Luther to ask if he will retract the beliefs he espouses in his books dissenting with church doctrine. Luther explains that his writings fall into three categories: the first deal with certain values of faith and morality that both his supporters and his enemies agree are harmless; the second group attack the power that has tyrannized Germany; the third criticizes the enemies of his religion, even if they are holy individuals, and defends the teaching of Christ. Luther declares that he cannot retract any of these works, for to retract the first group would be to condemn the things that those in favor and those against Luther agree upon; to retract the second group would be to invite more tyranny on Germany; to retract the third group would be to allow such situations to continue. Luther asks if anyone can expose his errors through Scripture; if this can be done, he will retract his books . Von Eck refuses his proposal. Do reasons have to be given to anyone who cares to ask a question? he asks. Why, if anyone who questioned the common understanding of the church on any matter he liked to raise, and had to be answered irrefutably from the Scriptures, there would be nothing certain or decided in Christendom. Von Eck further points out that Luthers disobedience threatens the stability of the church by casting doubt upon it, yet Luther refuses to recant. Scene 2 takes place in Wittenberg in 1525. Luther and the Knight speak of the Peasants Movement, a revolt which had begun the previous year and which was quickly suppressed. The peasants had been encouraged by Luthers ideas of independence, but the Knights speech reveals that Luther opposed the peasants. The Knight tells Luther that he could have brought freedom and order if he had stood on their side, but Luther explains his lack of involvement because [T]heres no such thing as an orderly revolution. The Knight accuses Luther of siding with the princes and killing the spirit of independence he had helped foster. Luther, growing angry, says that the peasants deserved to die because they ignored authority. At end of the scene, with the Knight watching, Luther marries former nun Katherine Von Bora. Scene 3, the final scene of the play, returns to the Eremite Cloister, twenty-four years after Luther joined the order. It is no longer a monastery but Luthers home, where he lives with his wife and six children. Von Staupitz joins them for a meal, and the two men discuss all that has happened since Luther posted his theses: the development of Germany and the German language, and the accessibility of Christianity to the common people. After hearing Luthers repudiation of the Peasants War, Von Staupitz asks Luther not to believe that he is the only one who is ever right. Von Staupitz departs, and Katherine enters the room, carrying their young son, Hans, and Luther takes him from her. THEMES Themes Loss of Faith Martin Luthers religious crisis-and the resulting Protestant Reformation-stemmed from his loss of faith in the teachings and practices of the church. Osborne does not analyze the social, political, and economic causes of the religious reformation that swept Europe in the 1500s; instead, he focuses on Luthers personal struggle. Luther takes action, posting the 95 theses, that makes him the first protestant, but even before this, his doubt is evident. The man who joins the monastery is prone to despair, histrionics, and self-castigation. His anxiety arises from his uncertainty about the vows that he upholds. Eventually, Luthers doubts about Roman Catholic doctrine, as well as his disgust for the moral laxity of church leaders, lead him to reject both. Yet, even when doing so, Luther is not certain of his actions. As he reveals to Von Staupitz decades later, he waited a day to answer the questions posed at the Diet of Worms because he was not sure: I listened for Gods voice, but all I c ould hear was my own. It is important to remember, however, that Luthers rejection of the church does not equate with a rejection of God. When called to the Diet of Worms to recant his beliefs, Luther refuses to do so because his conscience is captured by Gods own word. Upon receiving the papal bull excommunicating him, Luther asks God for help. I rely on no man, only on you, he says. My God, my God do you hear me? Are you dead? Are you dead? No, you cant die. You can only hide yourself, cant you? Luthers doubts in Gods ability to help him in his isolation are clearly expressed here as are his belief in Gods eternal presence. By the end of the play, which takes place toward the end of Luthers life, Luther demonstrates far less doubt about his relationship with God. In sharing the story of Isaac and Abraham, he emphasizes mans obedience to God. In a conversation with Von Staupitz regarding the rebellion of the Peasants War, he declares, for there is no power but of God: the powers th at be are ordained of God. Whosoever therefore resistant that power resistant the ordinance of God. In these words, Luther implies more certainty than in previous years, for if he had actually showed the obedience that he exalts, he never would have rebelled against the church and its practices and leaders. Father-Son Relationships Martin Luthers relationships with the various father figures in his life each present their own set of complexities. His attitude toward these ties is best summed up by his words in act 1: I suppose fathers and sons always disappoint each other. His father, Hans, is a driving force in his life. The play suggests that one reason that Luther became a monk was to get away from his fathers domination. Hans wanted his son to become a lawyer or a magistrate, anything but a priest, a profession that takes him away from the material world. Hans believes that his son chose to become a monk because he has given up and needs to run away from life. Luther, however, tells his father, All you want is me to justify you, clearly showing that he feels like a pawn for his father, one with the purpose of fulfilling the older mans expectations. This relationship remains difficult throughout Luthers life; as he reveals to Von Staupitz in the final scene, He [Hans] was never pleased about anything I did. . . . Only when Katie and I were married and she got pregnant. Then he was pleased. This revelation suggests that Hans is also concerned with the continuation of his family line, which can only be carried on by Luther since his other two sons died in the plague. Luthers relationship with his spiritual Father is as difficult if not more so. At various points throughout the play, Luther entreats God for guidance and casts himself as a helpless child. After his excommunication, Luther sees himself as a lost child, a stillbirth, and pleads with God to [B]reathe into me . . . yes, my mighty fortress, breathe into me. Give me life, oh Lord. Give me life. In this instance, God takes on the role of the father, creating the son. At other times, Luther rebels against God, much as he rebels against his earthly father. To this Luther, God is an angry being, one who demanded my love and made it impossible to return it. Another father figure exists for Luther: Von Staupitz. Like a father, the older theologian tries to set Luther on an easier path than the one he consistently seeks for himself. By the plays final scene, Luther openly refers to Von Staupitz as Father and asks questions that children are likely to ask of their parents, such as Are you pleased with me? The play ends on yet another representation of the father-son relationship: Luther is holding his young son, appropriately named Hans. Resistance to Authority As Luther resists the authority of his father, he also resists the authority of the church but with far greater consequences. The church leaders, parroting the beliefs of the pope-the highest religious authority expect complete allegiance; Luther must not question church doctrine. I ask you: says Von Eck at the Diet of Worms, dont throw doubt on the most holy, orthodox faith . . . This faith has been defined by sacred councils, and confirmed by the church. It is your heritage, and we are forbidden to dispute it by the laws of the emperor and the pontiff. While in earlier scenes, Luther has been seen adhering too strictly to the rules of his order, as Von Staupitz points out, in the words of Herbert Goldstone writing in Coping with Vulnerability, Luther actually ridicules authority to set himself up as the only authority capable of determining his relationship to God. In doing so, Luther challenges the church hierarchy that forces regular people to deal with God through the mediation of a priest; in the case of a priest, the pope and other high church officials are the mediators. In his letter to Pope Leo X, Luther shows his own sense of self-importance when it comes to religious matters. Luther alone dares protest the complaints that the German people hold about the avarice of the priests. While everyone else is too filled with terror at the popes reaction, Luther strives to protect the glory of Christianity by publishing his 95 theses on the Castle Church in Wittenberg. And now, most holy father, the whole world has gone up in flames, he writes, but, a mere few lines later, Luther asks the pope for his help because Luther is far too insignificant to appear before the world in a matter as great as this. Luthers words are seemingly disingenuous, particularly so for a man of his superior intellect and sensitivity, as he has recently elected him as the one person to stand up and defend God and His purity. Luther grows more conservative in his views, particularly b y 1525, when he critiques the failed Peasants War, which his religious rebellion helped spark. However, he still flouts the authority of the clergy by marrying, notably, a former nun. He also nostalgically looks back on his former actions, telling his young son, You should have seen me at Worms. . . . I have come to set a man against his father, I said, and they listened to me. STYLE Epic Theater Most critics agreed that Luther aimed at being epic drama along the lines of the work of German playwright Bertolt Brecht. Epic theater is a form of drama that presents a series of loosely connected scenes. Often, a narrator figure will address the audience with analysis or argument. As practiced by Brecht, epic theater sought to use alienating effects to cause the audience to think objectively, not emotionally, about the play and its characters. In technique, Luther shows a strong Brechtian influence, notably, that of his play The Life of Galileo. Like Brechts drama, Luther is a series of short scenes, most of which could function as stand-alone units. The stage decorations, which Osborne clearly describes, are evocative and imbued with symbolism and iconography. A choral figure, in this case the Knight, announces the time and setting of each scene and narrates background details particularly concerning Luthers role in the Peasants War. Osborne, like Brecht, also wanted to portray contemporary social problems and realities on stage; in Luther, the title character is the Angry Young Man of 1960s British society, a young man who feels rage at the established sociopolitical system in which he lives. While many critics saw Luther as epic theater, scholar Simon Trussler staunchly disagreed with this assessment. In his Plays of John Osborne, applying Brechts criteria that epic theater appeals less to the feelings than to the spectators reason, he contended that the play is dramatic rather than epic, for Luthers primary appeal is indeed emotional rather than rational. Symbolism Perhaps the most notable symbolism that Osborne uses in Luther is Luthers poor physical health. He suffers from seizures, insomnia, boils, and chronic constipation. His pains express his mental battles, and his inability to purge himself bodily represents his difficulty breaking free from the churchs beliefs. Luther himself views his religious upheavals in terms of the physical body. For example, in his discussion with Von Staupitz, just before he posts his 95 theses, Luther likens himself to a ripe stool in the worlds straining anus, and at any moment were about to let each other go. When he finally formulates his own doctrine (that salvation is based only on faith in God and not on good works), it is while experiencing another bout of constipation; with the realization that The just shall live by faith, Luther recalls, [M]y pain vanished, my bowels flushed and I could get up. On another level, however, as Alan Carter pointed out in John Osborne, To show Martins constipation, his in digestion, his excessive perspiration, is to show him as an ordinary human being. A man who would appeal to the earthy German peasantry, and who would be able to incite them to action. He is a direct contrast to the effeminate, sophisticated Latin churchmen of the period. This common folk appeal is important for, as the Knight points out, Luther helped the people begin to believe in an image as Christ as a man as we are . . . that His supper is a plain meal like their own . . . a plain meal with no garnish and no word. Narrative Luther does not have a strong narrative drive in the traditional sense; encompassing several decades, it does not tell the complete story behind Luthers protest. Alan Carter wrote in John Osborne that because Osborne is weakest as a story-teller, he makes the play resemble a medieval historical pageant, full of vivid theatrical moments. The play in its entirety shows explicit change in Luthers development of a more personal relationship with God and implicit change in the references to the transformation his beliefs have brought to Germany. The narrative drive focuses more on Luthers interior battles with his own lack of faith than exterior battles with church leaders. CRITICAL OVERVIEW Critical overview Luther was Osbornes second consecutive historical play, and English audiences who had, for the most part, failed to respond to the first (A Subject of Scandal and Concern) were very curious to see how it would fare. For the most part, it was declared a success by the public and the critics alike, creating as much of an impact as Look Back in Anger had. Kenneth Tynan, writing for The Observer (quoted in Alan Carters John Osborne), described the play as the most eloquent piece of dramatic writingto have dignified out theatre since Look Back in Anger. While some reviewers contended that the play was not historical enough, other critics welcomed Osbornes more universal portrayal of Luther as a rebel to whom audiences of any period could relate. Carter, as well, wrote in his study John Osborne that while Luther had a historical setting, its theme was quite modern. In 1963, Luther went on to a welcoming reception in the United States, where it was widely hailed and appreciated for its univ ersal themes. It won several awards, including a Tony for best play of the 1963-64 season. Luther also solidified Osbornes international reputation. Since its debut, and as Osbornes stature continued to rise, many scholars have examined Luther with regard to how it fit in with themes and characters in the playwrights body of work. Herbert Goldstone wrote in Coping with Vulnerability that Luther presents still another variation on success failure as seen in one of Osbornes earlier plays, The Entertainer. He also compares Luther to Jimmy Porter, the hero of Osbornes pivotal Look Back in Anger, in both characters need to be different from others. However, Goldstone also pointed out that, unlike Osbornes earlier characters, Luther attempts to cope with his feeling of helplessness and despair in realizing himself . . . openly and forcefully, both privately and publicly. Katharine J. Worth wrote in her 1963 article The Angry Young Man that Luther was also the first of Osbornes heroes to b e shown in conflict with his intellectual equals. She forecast that the play marks a new phase in Osbornes dramatic art. Its increased range and flexibility suggest interesting possibilities for his future development. In 2001, Luther was re-produced on the London stage; even forty years later, Osbornes words were stirring and powerful. This is a big, angry, eloquent play, wrote John Peter in the Times (London). Seeing it again after so long, what impresses me is how deeply Osborne had immersed himself in his subject without making his play ponderous. Like their predecessors, several critics also noted the timelessness of the piece, which showed that Osborne was, in the words of Michael Billington writing in the Guardian, far more than a chronicler of contemporary anger.

Oedipus: Fate Is Unavoidable :: Oedipus Rex, Sophocles

Oedipus: Fate is Unavoidable No matter what anyone tries, no matter what anyone does, no matter what anyone believes they have accomplished, they have not controlled fate. Fate is uncontrollable. Much like betting on a  ³sure thing ² and knowing in the back of your mind that there are infinite factors in the outcome--anything could happen. It ¹s unfortunate that the people of Ancient Greece sanctioned the concept of fate. In the Era of Enlightenment the idea of God-controlled fate was finally challenged with the notion of self-fulfilled destiny; until then, men turned to prophets and oracles. In the play Oedipus, by Sophocles, there was a ongoing synergy between fate and knowledge that was constantly rejected. Oedipus, the main character, struggled to dominate his own destiny, but ironically fell back into his bizarre misfortune that was in the end, inevitable. Misfortune, false realities, deception: all a result of Oedipus knowing too much and at the same time too little of his true lot in life. Knowledge was what nurtured him into false pretenses. Knowledge was a false pretense. By knowing that his parents were out of harms way, namely his, he knew that his prophecy would not come true. He knew that as long as his father was still alive and he was married to a woman not even related to his mother, he would not bear the offspring that  ³men would shudder to look upon. ² It was the epitome of irony for Oedipus to know his fate, and try to avoid it with the  ³knowledge ² that he had obtained: "My father was Polybus of Corinth, my mother the Dorian Merope, and I was held the foremost man in all that town until a thing happened- -a thing to startle a man, though not to make him angry as it made me. We were sitting at the table, and a man who had drunk too much cried out that I was not my father ¹s son--and I, though angry, restrained my anger for that day; but the next day went to my father and my mother and questioned them. They were indignant at the taunt and that comforted me--and yet the man ¹s words rankled...I sought where I might escape those infamous things--the doom that was laid upon me." When Oedipus fled from his parents, he started the chain reaction of ironic happenstance that would eventually direct him in a complete circle back

Pillars of Society Matrix Essay

Politics are all about power, and authority. The government is about owning and running services, such as mining, steel, energy, forestry, telephones, television stations, and airlines (Henslin, 2011). The United States has adopted many socialist practices. The most obvious is the government taking money from some individuals to pay for benefits of other. The government has complete control over all aspects of our lives. They control from food, housing, imports, exports the whole mighty dollar. The government has put the United States in debt and put more American’s on the street with a failing economy. Inflation has hit many of us, currently gas is $4.09 people are no longer being able to afford to drive their vehicles. I have an Avalanche and it cost me nearly $100+ dollars to fill up. I can remember when we paid $1.98. The government controls petroleum and chooses not to dig in our own back yards but in foreign countries. Communities impact political voices we have a choice in whom we may choose to elect to represent our states and our nation, the candidates all seek the majority votes. Communities can have an impact of what is creation of new laws and bills. Technology plays a big role in politics now. The introductions of technologies make an impact on American politics. With Facebook, twitter, YouTube, media groups are playing major roles in the election of candidates and our presidents. There is a GOP internet forum FreeRepublic and MoveOn that are political communities (Davy, 2010). Marriage and Family That family is so significant to humanity that it is universal-every human group in the world organizes its members in families. Western civilization regards family as husband, wife, and children, other groups of family are polygamist. Marriage is a groups approved mating arrangements, usually marked by a ritual of some sort and now marriage in no only man and woman but now there is approved same-sex marriages (Hensil, 2010) I think that marriage and family a two very important things in life that keep a healthy relationship in someone’s life. Now and days I just see so many people just laying down and making babies instead of having values and morals with being married before the kids come. I can’t say all marriages will last because I was married at 20 and we did not last very long at all. Marriage and family can impact economics and community because people who are married tend to be better off than single and cohabiting parents (Kaye, Lerman, (n.d.)). In recent years technology can destroy a marriage and family because of these social websites. Then with economically there are so many layoffs and few jobs that it too has made an impact on families and a loss of a job and pull a marriage apart because of financial issues. Education Many Jobs require you to have the skills before you are allowed to work. Just like Doctors display their credentials (Henslin, 2010). Education helps us students in seeking higher positions and employment. I believe that we are getting educated from the time that we are born until the time we are no longer able to comprehend new information. We have to get an education to get better jobs if we would like to make good money in a failing economy. For me I got tired of living off of tips or from pay check to paycheck because the cost of living has risen and to survive you need to get an education to get a higher paying position. There are advantages in education it economically stables a country. There are competitive advantages over other economies. Employers want workers who are more productive and who will require less management (Radcliffe, 2012). The advances in technology are so far advanced that children and adults are being educated through various apps, websites, and cyber classrooms. It also changes the productivity in an industrialized world. Increased productivity means increased revenue. * Module 7 is targeting the technological impact on all pillars. Be sure to complete the last column during Module 7 before you submit the assignment to the instructor. For the â€Å"impact of technology† column, please explain how technology has impacted each of the four pillars on the matrix. References Henslin, J. (2011). Essentials of Sociology: A Down To Earth Approach. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon Davy, Steven. (2010). How Technology Changed American Politics in the Internet Age. Retrieved June 20, 2013 from http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2010/04/how-technology-changed-american-politics-in-the-internet-age096 Kaye, K., & Lerman, R. (n.d.) Effects of Marriage on Family Economic Well-Being. Retrieved June 20, 2013 from http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/marriage-well-being03/summary.htm Radcliffe, B. (2012). How Education and training Affect Economy. Retrieved June 20, 2013 from http://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/09/education-training-advantages.asp

assess the usefulness of different sociological approaches...

Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the usefulness of different sociological approaches to suicide. (21 marks) According to Item A, suicides are based on coroner’s interpretations and differ across cultures as Danish coroners base their verdicts on probability rather than English coroners who must find evidence to support their verdict as suicide. Durkheim identifies the difference in suicide rates across cultures and societies. Durkheim defines suicide as â€Å"all cases of death resulting directly or indirectly from positive or negative act of the victim himself†. He used suicide to demonstrate that positivistic and scientific methods of researching social topics was possible whereas interpretivists argue that to understand the†¦show more content†¦These types are known as egoistic (too little social integration), altruistic (too much integration), anomic (too little moral regulations) and lastly, fatalistic (too much moral regulations). Egoistic suicide is the most common form in modern societies and is defined as the type of suicide as those individuals who are not bound to other social groups such as religion, who share values, norms and goals. An example Durkheim found was that of unmarried males with less to connect them to social groups - this is typical of European and North American societies. This means that suicide rates are undoubtedly different across cultures, for example, in Item A, it is suggested that there is more chance of suicides in Denmark than in England, if coroners base their verdicts of cause of death on the probability of suicide. In contrast, altruistic suicide occurs at the opposite end of the integration scale of egoistic suicide. The most common cases of altruistic suicide occurred amonf the members of the military, for example, kamikaze fighter pilots and suicide bombers. Anomic suicide, according to Durkheim, was when people were naturally selfish and will only look after their own interests unless society restricts them. This is mainly linked to suicide rates to periods of social change. Lastly, is the fatalistic type of suicide where an individual believesShow MoreRelatedSociology A2 Revision 2012 34479 Words   |  18 Pagesmarks 15 mins To get full marks for either permutations of this question, you need to: Identify 3 separate pieces of relevant and appropriate sociological evidence that support the view expressed in the item, you will get 1 mark for each relevant and appropriate identification. Give a detailed, but brief, explanation of how the identified sociological evidence supports the view expressed in question (a). 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